References
Stem cells in canine osteoarthritis. Part 1: sources, effects and modes of action
Abstract
Osteoarthritis represents the most prevalent joint pathology diagnosed in both human and veterinary medicine, and it is characterised by progressive degenerative changes and remodelling of synovial joints. These pathological alterations lead to compromised biomechanical function and nociceptive pain responses. In humans, osteoarthritis is associated with severe pain and can evolve into a chronic, debilitating condition. The aetiology is often multifactorial, involving systemic and local biomechanical disruptions. Clinical observations in canines, such as gait abnormalities and a favourable response to analgesic interventions, suggest a comparable pain experience and effect on quality of life in affected dogs.
Osteoarthritis is widely recognised as a complex, multifactorial disease with a significant genetic predisposition. In canine populations, the manifestation and severity of osteoarthritis is also influenced by various lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity levels. In veterinary contexts, osteoarthritis is frequently classified as secondary, emerging subsequent to primary joint abnormalities, such as dysplasia, cranial cruciate ligament rupture or patellar luxation, as well as primary trauma. These primary conditions are hypothesised to precipitate the onset of osteoarthritic changes. The precise epidemiological data regarding the proportion of canines that develop secondary osteoarthritis because of these predisposing factors remain undetermined.
The prevalence of osteoarthritis in dogs ranges from 6.6% (based on primary care data) to 20% (based on referral data) in the UK dog population. Estimates from North America report prevalence from 20% in dogs older than one year up to 80% in dogs older than eight years, based on radiographic and clinical data from referral clinics (Anderson et al, 2018).
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