While there is no doubt that osteoarthritis is a very common problem in older cats, it is difficult to put an accurate figure on its prevalence. This difficulty arises in part because of the lack of...
All statistical analyses were run using Minitab 20 Statistical Software. A chi-squared test was performed to evaluate association between sex and presence of osteoarthritis. The same test was run to...
Traditionally, pain was regarded as chronic when it lasted or recurred for more than 3–6 months (Merskey and Bogduk, 1994). This definition presents some limitations, as it does not take into account...
There are many available, validated, client metrology instruments for canine patients. The most readily accessible in the UK are the Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) questionnaire, the Helsinki...
It is well-recognised that synovial joints are innervated by pain-transmitting nerves (nociceptors). These nociceptors are thinly myelinated Aδ-fibres or unmyelinated C-fibres, with their cell bodies...
Veterinary professionals are well aware of the differences between medications and supplements, but it may be important to highlight this to owners when having these discussions. It should not be as...
The term nutraceutical is derived from the combination of the word nutrition and pharmaceutical and is oft en used in the literature. However, its definition lies in a grey area between food, food...
Incorporating rehabilitation into a multimodal management plan requires a clear understanding of the dog's overall physical health and a comprehensive neuromusculoskeletal diagnosis..
Identifying the ‘type’ of pain requiring management will enable an appropriate choice of analgesia. Inflammatory nociception is always present in osteoarthritis. Indicators of pain and pathology will...
Although there have been significant advances in recent years in the field of pet rabbit medicine, pet guinea pig conditions are unfortunately less well documented and our understanding of their...