References
Abstract
Visits to the small animal veterinary practice are typically stressful for many animals, especially where they already have an anxious or fearful disposition. Although the purpose of the visit is to improve the animal's welfare (by improving physical health and wellbeing), there may be an impact on the animal's mental health and emotional state. The current pandemic situation has made vet visits even more difficult, because a number of options for preparing for the visit, or carrying out the visit itself, have not always been available. This article considers techniques for minimising fear, anxiety and stress in companion animals being treated at the vet practice, through preparation, protocols and procedures. Principles of good practice when helping animals to have the least stressful experience during a vet visit are considered. Additional special measures for particularly anxious or fearful animals are also discussed. The identification of stress-reducing protocols is largely based on the low-stress handling techniques identified in research and the importance of these as perceived by veterinary staff. Changes within the practice that have impacted animals' anxiety levels, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, are identified and considered. Reflections concerning the pandemic experience, as provided to the author by a number of veterinary surgeons and nurses, are recorded and considered as the basis for further research. Consideration is also given to the feasibility and value of retaining some changes implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Preparation is key when making arrangements for all animals to visit the practice, but especially so for those who are anxious or fearful. Failure to plan may result in increased fear, anxiety and stress during veterinary practice visits. Reducing stress is challenging enough under normal circumstances, but with the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and the additional pressures these created, it is important not to lose sight of the possible impacts on animals' emotional states. There is much evidence that stress is caused by vet visits (Taylor, 2016) and this may result in clients with fearful, anxious or stressed pets failing to attend clinics (PDSA, 2019). Arhant et al (2019) examined the effects of the physical environment, the techniques and approaches used by staff, and the procedures carried out. This study also identified a number of barriers to implementation of the recommendations for daily routine changes which could reduce stress, including time pressures and the building construction.
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