Considerations for humane euthanasia in exotic pet species

Euthanasia literally means ‘easy death’ and is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma’. The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (2012) code of conduct describes it as ‘painless killing to relieve suffering’ and recommends that all staff are fully trained and that a ‘planned, rehearsed and coordinated approach is taken’, given the often emotionally charged nature of these situations.

Good euthanasia practice includes:

These should be followed for all species that are kept as pets, just as for cats and dogs (American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), 2020). Indeed, a conservative and humane approach to the care of any creature is warranted, justifiable, and expected by society (AVMA, 2020).

Many exotic species mask signs of disease or pain, or do not show these signs in easily recognisable ways. As a result, these pets are sometimes not presented to vets until disease is advanced and quality of life is significantly impaired. Sadly, this often means that euthanasia is the only humane welfare outcome for these animals. However, it is important to note that where treatment is possible (within client constraints such as finances and husbandry issues) this, or referral to an appropriate centre, should always be offered.