In the UK, there are currently no CBD-based products that have been granted a UK veterinary marketing authorisation. The Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD) state that any CBD products for use in...
Our improved understanding of the endocannabinoid system of animals, and its ubiquitous presence in nearly all animalia, has potentially opened the door to a novel approach to targeting a number of...
Introducing exercises that elevate the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system can help counteract sympathetic nervous system domination and reactivate essential physiological functions such as...
Pain and head shaking are common if inadequate analgesia is administered. Postoperatively, glucocorticoid anti-inflammatories such as prednisolone 0.5–1mg/kg are often prescribed on a reducing dose...
Environment and stress play major roles in development of reptile disease, including skin disease. These stressors will also affect prognosis, as effects on the reptile's immune system will influence...
A 5-month-old, female spayed, indoor miniature Rex rabbit weighing 1.4 kg was presented with right hindlimb lameness. On the day of presentation, while in a playpen, the rabbit was startled by a loud...
A common antifreeze ingredient is ethylene glycol (also known as ethanediol). It is not toxic itself, but is metabolised to toxic compounds by the action of alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzyme oxidises...
The standard surgical approach to treating mast cell tumours has been to excise wide 2-3 cm margins to the depth of one fascial plane (Blackwood et al, 2012; Selmic and Ruple, 2020; Saunders et al,...
Pain is an emotive and sensory experience secondary to nociceptive or potentially nociceptive stimuli. It can be categorised as acute pain, lasting less than 12 weeks, or chronic pain which exceeds 12...
Taking the patient's history can be one of the most time-consuming and challenging parts of the orthopaedic examination. General questions should be followed by focused questions. The owner should be...
Numbers of imported rescue cats and dogs have increased over the past few years with the associated risk of exotic pathogens entering the UK. These numbers have been added to in 2022 by Ukrainian pets...
PubMed and Google Scholar were used to identify relevant studies for review. The search terms were ‘laryngeal assessment dogs, ‘laryngeal collapse’, ‘laryngeal paralysis’, ‘premedication laryngeal...