Genetic mutations occur in different parts of the genome all the time, and cause genetic differences between individuals, populations and species. Some mutations may be beneficial and provide a...
Chocolate is made from the fermented, dried then roasted beans of Theobroma cacao (Figure 1). After roasting, the shell is removed, and the remaining nibs are ground to cocoa mass which is liquefied...
Hyper-attachment is no longer described in literature about human separation; instead, such literature focuses on different forms of attachment (Ainsworth, 1979), focusing less on specific ‘disorders’...
The age distribution is middle-aged to older cats, with the mean or median age at admission between 7 and 12 years old (Smith et al, 2003; Borgeat et al, 2014; Guillaumin et al, 2020). Male cats are...
This case concerns a young female entire Border Collie who initially presented for reduced appetite and weight loss, and shortly thereafter developed bloody diarrhoea. Clinical history revealed that...
The previous definition of canine atopic dermatitis was of a ‘genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with characteristic clinical features associated with...
The diagnostic approach and the urgency of investigation of cats with suspected urolithiasis is dependent on their clinical presentation; with obvious requirement for urgency in any cat where...
The causes of acute kidney injury can be divided into three categories:.
Not only can owner behaviour (such as inappropriate introductions to separation or inadequate preparation of dogs to experience a sense of safety whilst alone) predispose dogs towards...
Diagnostic tests are needed to either diagnose conditions, assess severity or stage of disease, identify concurrent disease, select appropriate treatment or assess the efficacy of therapy. Physical...
Orthostatic tremor is a rare tremor that predominantly affects the limbs, exclusively while standing with pathognomonic high-frequency muscle discharges (>12 Hz) on conscious electromyography (Liatis...
Increasing numbers of imported rescue cats and dogs have been seen over the past few years, with an associated risk of exotic pathogens entering the UK. The European Scientific Counsel for Companion...