Clinical

Importation of dogs: animal and public health risks and possible solutions

In the early 19th century, rabies was widespread, and the quarantine of imported dogs for 6 months was essential to eradicate endemic rabies from the UK. With the increase in pet travel and 93...

Figure 1. Velagliflozin (Senvelgo) is marketed as a solution for oral administration. It does not require any changes in dose, specific feeding times or glucose monitoring. It can produce diarrhoea in the first two to three weeks and careful monitoring for ketosis is important.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor treatment in diabetic cats

Cats with diabetes mellitus typically experience a condition that is comparable to type 2 diabetes in humans, and is characterised by relative insulin deficiency and insulin resistance (Gostelow and...

Tibial tuberosity advancement as a treatment option for cranial cruciate ligament disease

Tibial tuberosity advancement was developed and introduced by Montavon et al (2002). The concept behind the technique is to stabilise the joint during weight-bearing by neutralising the cranial tibial...

Figure 1. Production of cultivated meat-based pet food.

A new protein source for pet food: cultivated meat

The application of cultivated meat for pet food production could significantly mitigate several issues faced by the pet food industry, including meat supply change shortages, environmental...

Canine separation-related problems. Part 5: what if enhancing a sense of safety does not work?

Many initiating factors for separation-related problems have little to do with the intensity of the human–dog bond. Being alone is an unnatural state for a social species such as a dog; yet, for the...

Figure 1. Images available in online stores claiming positive results with the use of ‘cataract eyedrops’ (Amazon, 2024). Note the after photos are not the same patients as the before photos.

Nutraceuticals in veterinary ophthalmology: fact, fiction or both?

One of the most common false claims regarding the use of alternative treatment options is the use of the antioxidant L-carnitine for the treatment of cataracts in dogs.

Non-invasive neurostimulation: an emerging therapeutic modality in veterinary neurology

An increasing number of scientific investigations worldwide are exploring non-invasive neurostimulation techniques, notably repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, for their potential in...

Figure 1. A vivarium enclosure for a royal python (Python regius) showing heat bulb, ultraviolet light, water bowl and ample hides provided by artificial foliage.

Reptile husbandry: the basics

Often, when people think about reptiles, they imagine a vivarium (commonly referred to as ‘viv’ for short). This has historically been a wooden enclosure, varying in size, with a glass front and vents...

Figure 1. Progression of vasodilatory shock as a result of sepsis.

Vasodilatory shock: a review of pathophysiology and vasopressor therapy

There are several common pathophysiological disturbances that result in vasodilatory shock; a brief review of these allows for a more complete understanding of the rationale of behind vasopressor...

Figure 1. Description of the elimination and challenge trial.

Dietary options for diagnosis of cutaneous adverse food reactions

The diets used for the elimination part of the trial are called elimination diets. These are sometimes referred to as ‘hypoallergenic’, but as allergenicity of a diet depends not only on the diet but...

Figure 1. Free living nematode contaminating faecal sample.

Routine screening and clinical diagnosis of intestinal helminths in cats and dogs

Tapeworm and ascarid infections are generally well tolerated. Large burdens can lead to intestinal obstruction, and migrating Toxocara larvae can cause respiratory signs in puppies and kittens....

Figure 1. Urine dipstick.

Getting the most from urine and sediment analysis

Complete urinalysis consists of three elements: Gross examChemical examSediment exam.